Ask for an inventory before you ask for an answer
The most useful first prompt for any new file is not a question. It is a request to describe what Claude can see. You learn the sheet names and the exact column headings, and you catch a wrong file before it costs you an afternoon.
I have attached [file name]. For each sheet, list the sheet name and the column headings. Do not analyse anything yet.
Compare the reply with what you know is in the file. A missing sheet or an unexpected column means stop and look before you go on.
Run it on the spreadsheet you use most. Note the column names exactly as Claude reports them. You will quote them in every prompt that follows.